The Face of Slavery Them Dark Days - Literature Essay Samples

Twentieth-century scholars of slavery have both slaverys effects on the slave mentality and the development of culture (or lack thereof) and the existence of paternalism among the slave-holding class. However, authors such as Ulrich Phillips, Kenneth Stammp, and Eugene Genovese all approach the subject on broad, comprehensive terms, paying little or no attention to the individual. Dunsiberre, in his three-part book, Them Dark Days, tries to approach the situation from the opposite stance, hoping to find the greater truths behind slave life not in broad conceptual analysis, but in the individual. He gives names and faces to both the slaves and their masters. In doing so, he presents a grim picture of slave life under the peculiar institution: one that was neither paternalistic, nor civilizing. The central theme of his work, as stated in the Preface, is that slavery was even more horrific than previously thought. Paternalism, which he carefully qualifies, existed only to increase the f ortunes of the masters through the newly-evolved capitalist mentality. Hatred and insubordination lurked in the minds of even the most privileged slaves. Through looking at detailed plantation records, travel journals and WPA interviews, Dusinberre constructs a very personal picture of slavery in the south. By exclusively dealing with the rice planting regions of Georgia and South Carolina, the author asserts that the slaves were not passive, although their rebellion only had limited success, and indeed no chance for true success. As the Yankee armies marched southward, and rice gave way to cotton and tobacco, the fortunes of the rice-planting class waned until the crop was extinct altogether. Among many of the caricatures Dusinberre paints are those of the slave-holding class themselves. Charles Manigault, his son Louis, and South Carolinian planter and later governor Robert Allston, to whom Dusinberre loosely applies the term Gentlemen Capitalists, established the Gowrie rice plan tation just outside of Savannah, Georgia and its northern contemporaries Pee Dee and Chicora Wood, respectively. These enterprises were risky at best, as unpredictable forces such as disease, flood, and Civil War all determined the profitability of each years crop. However, these gentlemen planters were able to turn a profit. In the case of the Manigaults, an initial investment of $49,500 gradually turned into a respectable sum of $266,300 a number that Dusinberre qualifies as including land and slave holdings. In addition, the sum is more than twice that of the 3% fixed-rate interest the shaky American bonds of the time had to offer. On the other hand, the cost of acquiring such a fortune was great, as $67,200 in Gowrie slaves were lost to disease and over-work, while the birth rate remained significantly lower. As a Gentleman Capitalist, Charles Manigault instilled a gentile education in both his wife and children. Travel, he believed, was essential to the development of the ind ividual, and he applied this theory by spending several years with his family in France. He also made trips for business and pleasure to Wales, Egypt, and the Orient. As a wedding present for his second-born son, Louis, he gave the couple 10,000 dollars to spend on a trip through Europe. Dusinberre also focuses on Robert Allstons Pee Dee and Chicora Wood plantations. Although somewhat lenient towards his slaves in some regards, Allstons employment of tough overseers and emphasis on iron-fisted discipline created animosity amongst the slaves working for him. Unlike Charles Maginault, Allston despised absenteeism, and set up a residence near the plantation so that he could closely monitor its activities. Although ruthlessness prevailed amongst the slave-holding classes of the cotton-growing Southwest, one would not expect it of the well-bred Atlantic Coast rice growers. This was not the case, however, as the Manigault callousness has been well-documented in startling slave mortality r ates. From 1833 to 1861, the slave mortality rate was nearly double that of the birth rate, while the infant mortality rate was a ghastly 90% not including miscarriages and still-births. Pregnant women were privileged to have the medical attention of the well-trusted overseer, whose lack of expertise no doubt helped contribute to the 97 deaths of the 109 children born at Gowrie between 1855 and 1855. In only one year did the birth-rate exceed the mortality rate, as poor medical attention, cholera, measles, dysentery, and malaria decimated the Carolinian gentlemans capital. Other problems included child-bearing risks and drowning. White people were not immune to the forces of nature, as is evidenced by Gowries loss of four overseers over the course of those same years, but an analysis of the statistics reveals a profound difference in mortality rates between whites and blacks. Dusinberre asks the obvious question: why would a businessman, or more correctly a paternalistic businessm an, allow his capital to die so frequently? The answer, he believes, lies in the nature of the system itself. Firstly, the paramount objective of maintaining slave-order and discipline undermined economic concerns, or, at the very least, evolved from them. A runaway slave who dies of the perils inherent in hiding out in a swamp sets the example for other slaves, and is therefore more valuable dead than alive and free. Absenteeism and cost-cutting were also important factors. As for families, they were on very precarious footing at Gowrie, and were inevitably unsuccessful. In the chapter Unhappy Families, the author tirelessly reconstructs the family histories of those living on the Georgia plantation. The perils that these families faced were uncountable. If by chance a pair of slaves reached adulthood, they could expect any manner of separation, including death, deportation, and voluntary separation. Furthermore, if they were lucky enough to have any surviving offspring, their chi ldren were unlikely to survive the tribulations peculiar to the rice-growing region or their masters distaste for slave unions. Dusinberre points out the recent efforts of scholars to accentuate slave morality and family values in the face of an institution that clearly made every effort against it, but warns: there may be a danger of exaggerating how much the slaves were able to achieve against the odds (p. 121). Much has been made about the slaves proclivity for insubordination, ranging from simply malingering to full-scale rebellions. Dusinberre, for his part, maintains that a rebellion in the rice growing regions was an impossibility. A slave-holder like Charles Maginaut, his sons, or the overseer could walk confidently through a field of a hundred slaves without fear. A series of three distinct, yet cruel threats kept his slaves in fear of their masters hand. First, he would have the slave flogged, which he often euphemized as just punishment, by either the overseer or, prefer ably, another slave. Second was a trip to the Savannah jail house, were the slave would repeatedly be flogged over the course of his stay. The advantage of this was that the slave was whipped by a complete stranger, directing the slaves anger at someone besides the owner or overseer; also, detainment meant that he could not run away at night. The third and most dreaded form of punishment was being sold down to New Orleans, which was more than an idle threat. Beyond this, there was always a looming reminder of white military prowess that kept the slaves from insurrection or simply the fear of being reduced to a field-hand for privileged slaves. On Gowrie, the slaves found more mild forms of subversion, such as inefficiency or theft. With regards to malingering, Dusinberre maintains that while the slaves were often inefficient in their work, they were nevertheless quite productive, and that the slave/profit ratio was great until after emancipation. On the other hand, theft or unauth orized sojourns affected the entire slave population. Within a decade, two dozen fugitives had been charted in Gowries records. Citing Eugene Genovese and Kenneth Stammp, among others, as perpetuators of traditional slave classification, Dusinberre looks to break down the long-held myths about the slave mentality by giving names and faces to his six classifications. Somewhere between the tooth-and-nail rebellion of Nat Turner and the bumbling innocence of Sambo lies the Gowrie plantation slave. Naming examples of each, the author details the personalities and treatment of the determined slave, the truculent slave, the cunning slave, the upright conformist, the demoralized opportunist, and the proud slave. Each vary in their level of indulgence toward their master, yet the common undercurrent is both the impossibility of achieving their goals under such an oppressive institution and a cognitive understanding of the causes and effects of their actions. A good example of this might b e the cunning boatman Hector, who, after inheriting an old coat of Charles, puffs himself up merely to indulge the masters laughter. Hector, Dusinberre writes, was up to playing the required role in order to make his masters feel good (p. 173). Hector was Louiss playmate, and a well-liked slave on the Gowrie plantation, and was therefore given privileges. Privilege came in two forms: those extended to the whole gang, and those extended to select individuals. The latter case resulted in the formation of what Dusinberre calls a slave elite at Gowrie. Privileges such as meat, special medical care, holidays, clothing rations, and shoes were doled out on select occasions to make the slaves believe they were favored by the master. Sometimes Charles Maginault would deprive the slaves of these amenities only to make them think themselves lucky when they were returned. When the plantation was in-between overseers, Charles and his family relied heavily on privileged slaves such as Driver Geor ge or Charles the Trunk Minder. Without the assistance of the leading slaves, plantation operations could not have proceeded (p. 194), Dunsiberre writes. Beyond the material benefits of skilled, privileged slaves, they offered their owners the belief that they were uplifting their slaves by affording them such responsibilities. In Allstons case, the slaves faithfulness was the most desired characteristic. However, this privilege was always undermined by a certain degree of hatred, as the paternalistic system Genovese or Phillips envisioned begins to break down under Dusinberres careful criticism. Although these leading slaves were granted certain privileges, the author reminds us that the paternalism of the slave-holding class that Eugene Genovese describes in Roll Jordan, Roll should only carefully be discussed with regards to southern rice growers, who were primarily and above all capitalists. When the northern armies came through during the Civil War, the Maginaults were someh ow astonished to find out that all their trusted house-servants (they rarely used the word slave) had fled, defacing the families cherished portraits along the way. Slavery offered the planter-class ample opportunity to present what they felt was Christian morality and virtue. As an institution, Slavery was the embodiment of white supremacy, and in fighting the Civil War, the Southern states fought not so much to protect slavery, as Dusinberre argues, but to continue white domination from what Robert Allston feared: the giving up of our country to the ravages of the black race (p. 351). Britain and France had already abolished slavery, and emancipation was in the air. The treatment white plantations owners experienced upon returning to their homes illuminates the hatred the slaves felt towards the system. In concluding his inquiry, Dusinberre wonders aloud how a benevolent paternalistic society could evoke such hatred in its subjects. Simply put, paternalism did not exist only h atred of the oppressed for their oppressors, and a capitalistic society of white planters that cared more for their own wealth and familys prestige than even the most basic necessities of their servants.

Analysis Of The Novel Wide Sargasso Sea - 772 Words

Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel known for its approach on the post-colonial view of the colonizer and the colonized. It connects the 1800s view of the English (Mr. Rochester) and the West Indies (Antoinette), in which it expresses the complex social standards of society. Although, this view is prevalent in the novel, another issue is clearly expressed throughout the novel, female enslavement. Women are constantly devalued in the novel, showing as not having the same importance or significance as the colonizers, which in this case is Mr. Rochester. The colonial dominance demonstrate how treacherous women are portrayed, as a result, the novel shows how Antoinette became impelled into her insanity. Considering Christophine attempted to help†¦show more content†¦Rochester lacked explains the force behind his evil schemes towards Antionette. However, the pinnacle of Antionette’s abuse was when Mr. Rochester states, â€Å"I will destroy your hatred. My hate is colder, stronge r and you’ll have no hate to warm yourself. You will have nothing† (Rhys 154). At that point the author illustrates that Antionette’s abuse was so severe that â€Å"all the pain went from her eyes† and â€Å"she was only a ghost†¦Nothing left but hopelessness† (Rhys 154). Behind all of this, Rochester wants to show that he is the dominate one in the house and he is the one that is in charge. To further prove his point, the novel shows that the colonizer (Mr. Rochester) compelled his power to control other women. Abiding from the psychological abuse, the colonizer (Mr. Rochester) controlled women through sexual methods. In one scenario, Mr. Rochester behaves like a slave owner in his sexual relationship with the servant, Amelie. In this situation, Mr. Rochester took advantage of Amelie because he is the dominant one in the house. He shows that he can use women for his sexual desires because of his dominance. 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Should Schools Have Armed Guards At The Front Entrance Essay

With the many recent tragic school shootings, people are asking questions regarding if their children are under enough protection while they are at school. One of the biggest debate questions is: should schools have armed guards at the front entrance? This question has been answered by many people by giving their specific opinion. The question of armed guards in front of school has also been addressed on talk shows and to political leaders for their opinion. The answers that are given are either for having armed guards, or against armed guards standing in front of schools. Armed guard should not be posted at schools because it increases uncertainty and risk of student safety. In a 225-page study by the National Rifle Association, the idea of having armed guards in schools is argued that it could possibly lower the rate of tragic shootings. In this study, led by Asa Hutchinson, he points out an incident where a high school principal retrieved his .45 caliber from his vehicle and stop a student who was trying to flee from the school after he had shot two and wounded 7 other students (Finn paragraph 6). This school shooting is one example of many that have happened throughout history where armed personnel was present and helpful in the detainment of the shooter. In a Huffington Post journal, written by Steven Strauss, a professor at Princeton University and a expert on strategy in the public and private sectors â€Å"...working on projects as Economic Development, Financial ServicesShow MoreRelatedIn Grand Blanc, Michigan, at Grand Blanc Community High School, a student walked into the school1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn Grand Blanc, Michigan, at Grand Blanc Community High School, a student walked into the school with a knife. 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Enviromental Science free essay sample

As you watch this movie, answer the following questions IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Keep answers brief and concise. (Note: You do not need to use all of the space provided for each question) 1. Questions on Earth’s History: (a) What were three characteristics of the early Earth? 1) Conserve water in perfect forms 2) Molten rocks 3) Atmosphere lacking with oxygen (b) What are cyanobacteria and why are they important to the history of life on Earth? Cyanobacteria are single celled organisms that are referred as â€Å"blue – green algae†. They can be found in colonial and filamentous forms. Cyanobacteria specialized for nitro fixation are called heterocyst, which obtain their energy through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria increases the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. Cyanobacteria is important to the history of life on earth because it produced atmospheric oxygen. (c) What is meant by â€Å"the engine of life is linkage†? Why is this important? â€Å"The engine of life is linkage† means that everything is linked in one technique or another. Each method must be followed by another, nothing is self-sufficient. An example of this would be the hydrologic cycle, in order for condensation to arise; the water must complete evaporation and so on. This is important because from the presence of one being, another existence is formed. Likewise without this linkage life would not be possible. (d) What is the major source of oxygen on Earth today? The major source of oxygen on Earth comes from plants in the ecosystem. Plants take in carbon monoxide and gives off carbon dioxide. Without any plants on Earth, the oxygen would sooner or later run out. 2. Questions on Human History: (a) Where do most humans live today? On the continent coastlines or the banks of rivers _ (b) There are still subsistence cultures today that have lived in the same way for 6000 years. What is their main asset to ensure survival? Agriculture (c) What was the first major revolution in human history and why was it so important to humans? The first major revolution in human history was agriculture. Agriculture was very important to humans because it caused in the first excesses of food, as well as giving birth to society. Agriculture was essential of survival for humanity. Nevertheless agriculture leads to alter from hunter-gatherers to a more adequate agricultural way of living. (d) Why are fossil fuels (like coal, gas and oil) referred to as â€Å"pockets of sunlight†? Feeds human toil on the land. With oil, began the era of humans that break free from the chains of time. (e) What are the two main uses for the grain crops grown in the industrialized countries like the United States? 1) Biofuel 2) Transformed to livestock feed (f) How much water is currently used annually in agriculture? 70% of water is used in the world today for agriculture (g) How much water is used to produce 1 kilogram of rice? _4000 L or 1 kilogram of beef ? _13000 L_ (h) In addition to energy obtained from fossil fuels, what are two different products that are made by from the petrochemical industry? 1) Pesticides 2) Fertilizers (i) Modern agriculture has led to the loss of crop diversity. Why? Modern agriculture is the developments that increase and improve the value of production. Now a day there is little demand for animal fat. 3. Questions on Environmental Impacts: (a) What are four distinct examples of how humans have disrupted the balance of life on Earth? 1) The â€Å"concentration camp style cattle farms. † Manufacturing meat faster than the animal 2) Agriculture has become oil powered 3) Using too much energy 4) Automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress (b) When considering the use of minerals mined from the earth, what percentage is used by the richest countries that have about 20% of the world’s population? 80% (c) What is ‘fossil water’? Fossil water is groundwater that has stayed sealed in an aquifer for a long time. Water can respite underground for millions of years. When changes are made in the nearby geology seal the aquifer off from further refilling from rain, the water becomes locked inside and is known as fossil water. Fossil water is a non –renewable resource. (d) What country is at most risk for water shortages in future and why? India is at most risk for water shortage in the future because the underground water reserves are reducing due to over population. (e) The rainforests of Borneo have been destroyed to provide land for growing palm trees which has led to loss of biodiversity. What products use the oil produce from these trees? 1) food 2) cosmetics 3) Detergent 4) Alternative fuels (f) What are two factors that have been suggested to account for the disappearance of the Rapa Nui civilization from Easter Island? 1) exploited their resources 2) garbage piles (g) What are three indications of climate change and global warming in the past 50 years? 1) Melting of the differentiated ice caps 2) Growth in the occurrences of wildfire 3) Decrease of coral reefs 4. Questions on the Future: (a) How long do we have to reverse the current trends affecting the environment? 10 years (b) What are three examples of positive change that suggest reason for hope that changes can be made? 1) Individuals are preliminary to live in environmentally maintainable houses 2) Wind farms are built in Denmark and provide 20% the country’s electricity 3) People are using solar power more than they did before 5. Questions on the Movie â€Å"Home†: (a) What do you think is the ‘main message’ of this movie? The main message of the movie â€Å"Home† is to remind humans that there is interdependence between one another. (b) What is your reaction to this movie? What did you like about it? What did you dislike about it? Would you recommend it to other students / friends / acquaintances? Why or why not? (Note: you do not need to use all the space provided – be brief and concise whenever possible) The movie â€Å"Home† was a great movie to gain knowledge on why the Earth is the way it is, how humans have affected the world and what is happening to the Earth around us. I like how the movie gave a lot of information about how the planet is being affected by our actions. I did not like how the movie was so long and it had way too many information. If the movie had more writings or diagrams here and there it would have made this movie a lot more knowledgeable. Yes, I would recommend this movie to other students to gain more knowledge about the planet. Part 2: QUESTIONS ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS 6. Based on information in the textbook Withgott et al. 2013 (2nd Canadian Edition) Chapter 1 (pages 20-21) and on the websites suggested and your own research – answer the following questions. (a) What is an Ecological Footprint? Ecological footprint is the impact of a person or community on the environment. It is expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. Ecological Footprint is used to measure how big the species of humans are compared to the biosphere. (b) Why is the Ecological Footprint useful? The ecological footprint is useful because it’s like a utensil, it tells us how several resources we have on the planet which recycle and renew themselves, and how much we have used up. The ecological footprint then lets us to see to what range we are living within the notice to what nature offers us. (c ) Who developed the model for the Ecological Footprint? William Rees from Canada and Mathis Wackernagel from Switzerland established the model for the ecological footprint. 7. In the following questions, you will have a chance to consider your ecological footprint. (a) Calculate your personal ecological footprint using 2 different Ecological Footprint Calculators provided in the suggested website links (or from websites that you have found on your own). Calculated Value (ha / person) Website Used Ecological Footprint # 1 5. 9 ha http://www. footprintnetwork. org/en/index. php/GFN/page/calculators/ Ecological Footprint # 2 6. 3 ha http://wwf. panda. org/how_you_can_help/live_green/footprint_calculator/ (b) How do your personal ecological footprints compare? Comment on the similarity or differences in the footprints you calculated using different calculators. Suggest why they are similar or different. Both the sites I used to calculate my ecological footprints gave me two different ecological footprint results. This may have been because one quiz was more detailed and the other one was more of a straight forward/ common answer. (c) Suggest 3 ways that you could reduce your Ecological Footprint over the few months (before the end of this course). These should be simple realistic changes that you can make immediately (and try out during this term): (1) Using transit, carpooling, or subway, instead of driving everyday (2) Using energy efficient light bulbs (3) Taking shorter showers NOTE: Your assignment will be spot-marked (i. e. not every question will be marked). There will be a mark assigned for completing all of the questions in the assignment. If you are unable to complete all of the questions, submit what you have completed so you will get some marks for your work although you will receive â€Å"0† for the completion mark.

William Blakes Songs of Innocence Essay Example For Students

William Blakes Songs of Innocence Essay Flakes use of the pastoral in Songs of Innocence and Experience Put simply, Flakes Songs of Innocence and Experience Juxtapose the innocent pastoral world of childhood against an adult world of corruption and repression. The collection as a whole, by meaner of paired poems in Innocence and Experience (The Lamb, The Tiger; The Echoing Green, The Garden of Love/London; The Nurses Song (l and E); Introduction (l and E); The Chimney sweeper (l and E), etc) explores the value and limitations of two different perspectives of the world. The same situation or problem is seen through the eyes or perspective of Innocence first, then Experience. We will write a custom essay on William Blakes Songs of Innocence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Blake stands outside Innocence and Experience, in a distanced position from which he recognizes and attempts to correct the fallacies of both perspectives. He uses the pastoral, in many songs, to attack oppressive and destructive authority (Church, King, parents, adult figures), restrictive morality, sexual repression, established religion the Established Church, social inequality, militarism. The pastoral is a literary style that presents an idealism and artificial picture of rural life, the naturalness and innocence of which is seen in contrast with the corruption and artificiality of city and court. The pastoral is often seen as a nostalgic looking back at a lost paradise, a lost Eden, a lost Golden Age. However, Blake does something different with the pastoral. Firstly, he rejects the nostalgia of the ideal in order to show the real human condition. He does this by opposing pastoral ideal and urban reality both within the single states of Innocence and Experience and between the two states. (For example Introduction of Innocence, The Shepherd). Secondly, he radically redefines the relation of the pastoral to the city because the Songs as a volume could be said to take place in the city. Blake frames the obviously pastoral scenes within an urban setting in a way that breaks down the conventional city/ country dichotomy and his criticism is aimed at not merely social problems, but the source of these problems a limited way of seeing. Within Innocence, Blake takes us into the frame, or confinement of the pastoral space and explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. For example, in The Little Girl Lost of Innocence, the pastoral setting is that of a desert wild that becomes a garden mild. The reference is the biblical image in Isaiah 35 of an ideal mime in which the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. Lacy, the innocent child, lives In the southern clime/Where the summers prime/Never fades away (distinctly pastoral! ). She had wandered oleomargarine the wild birds song. Blake brings in a contrast between Locals trust and her parents fear (that she is lost and will come to harm). For Lacy, there is no cause for distress, except consideration of her mothers feelings (if my mother sleeplessly shall not weep). The other side of the conflict is the parents fear and concern: As far as they are concerned, there is nowhere safe; (Where can Lacy sleep? . Their concern becomes more and more self- centered, until it becomes emotional blackmail (oho can Lacy sleep,/elf her mother weep? ). A moral prescription is then introduced Lacy ought to be worried and we notice that this is Justified only by the mothers distress, not by any real danger. By meaner of the command, Then let Lacy wake, Blake shows how fear turns into tyranny. The parents fear of nature has made them unreasonable They command their daughter to be unhappy, simply because they are. Stanza 8 resolves the conflict as Locals surroundings become transformed the desert is bright. Locals positive perception dominates the rest of the poem The imperative, Let in the line, Let thy moon arise, underlines her opposition to her parents. The pivotal word, bright stands between Locals and her parents attitudes to nature (for the parents, it is a dark, unknown world of fear; for Lacy, it is safe and bright. ) The lion licks Locals bosom and the lioness Loosed her slender dress. The dress is a symbol of her parents upbringing, which Locals perception can cast off. .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .postImageUrl , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:hover , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:visited , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:active { border:0!important; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:active , .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0 .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u40cb7cc0649b6bfb9a69cae2be4b62d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience EssayShe is naked, so shame is removed (a reference to Adam and Eves nakedness in the Garden of Eden). In the ext poem, The Little Girl Found, the lions masculinity, his mane, was what frightened the parents (soon his heavy man/Bore them to the ground). So, the poem conveys the need for sexual freedom, natural energy, sexual energy, feared by Locals parents. (In The Little Girl Found, the parents perception of the lion as fearful is transformed -then they followed/Where the vision led- by meaner of transforming their vision, their perspective, the parents fear disappears (nor fear the wolfish howl,/Nor the lions growl). Within the pastoral frame of the Garden of Eden, Blake explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. (In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, which Blake wrote between the two parts of the Songs, he stresses that mans instincts are not fallen (sinful from the moment of birth) and therefore to follow the instinctive desire for love and pleasure cannot be wrong: The soul of sweet delight can never be defiled. On the contrary, it is the thwarting of desire that leads to corruption and a warping of the personality: Sooner murder an infant in its cradle than nurse enacted desires. The conventional goodness of Flakes time, therefore, is Just a passive failure o act out desire and is not something to be admired, unlike evil which is evidence of positive energy:. Good is the passive that obeys reason. Evil is the active springing from energy and Energy is eternal delight. So, in the volume of Songs of Innocence and Experience, the tensions, oppositions or conflicts are within the frames of a song, as well as between the two contrary worlds of Innocence and Experience. The Songs not only Juxtapose pastoral ideal with urban reality (echoing Greenwoods; Echoing Green/The Garden of Love), but within the single state of Innocence, pastoral images are Juxtaposed with a flawed urban society. The oppositions also exist within the single states of Innocence and Experience. The Songs of Innocence begins with a clearly pastoral Introduction followed by The Shepherd, The Echoing Green and, of course, The Lamb'(in Flakes final order of the Songs). These songs show pastoral harmony between humans and nature. However, we are led out of (or in and out of, depending on the order of Songs), pastoral and into a disturbing world of social difference and injustice through such lyrics as The Little Black Boy, The Chimney Sweeper'(l). Yet even these songs eave a pastoral element. Tom Decree, in The Chimney Sweeper, is identified with the lamb of pastoral and of innocence through his hair, That curled like a lambs back. The black boys mother describes his body as a shady grove that enables the soul to bear the beams of love, identifying the time on earth as a little space, akin to a pastoral retreat, rather than a time of preparation labor. The pastoral narratives in both poems seek to free the boys from the stigma of their blackness, but ironically that freedom, in the form of a pastoral paradise, is attainable only after death. In The Chimney Sweeper'(l), an angel opened the coffins and set them all free. /Then down a green plain leaping, laughing they run,/And wash in a river and shine in the sun. In The Little Black Boy, Gods voice will call: Come out from the grove my love and care,] And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice. Only in death will the white boy be taught to reject his ignorant racist views: And then Ill stand and stroke his silver hair/And be like him, and he will then love me. So, Blake uses the pastoral to attack social evils and injustice, but also exposes the limits and inadequacies of the pastoral ideal. He transcends the pastoral to show the limits of pastoral innocence; to criticism the human condition; and to show a new vision. He does this by rejecting the nostalgia of the ideal to show the real condition by opposing the pastoral ideal with urban reality. .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .postImageUrl , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:hover , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:visited , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:active { border:0!important; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:active , .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueae190dabe2e85a57376963f10aaf73e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blakes Songs Of Innocence And Experience EssayThe dual presence of town and country, idealization and realism, celebration and regret provides the tension that is fundamental to the pastoral space. The pastorals critical function is based upon the writers handling of internal tensions between oppositions. Flakes objective in Songs of Innocence and Experience is to show the wow contrary states of the human soul. He shows that we create our worlds by meaner of our perception of it. (Milton: A mind is its own place, and in itself/Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven Paradise Lost). Our world is Innocent loving, meek and mild, delightful, protected, gentle if we perceive its creator as loving, caring and protective. But there are limits to this vision; we are vulnerable because we are ignorant of the dangers and threats that exist. The world of Experience is one that is dark, authoritative, oppressive, uncaring and repressive of enjoyment. We see ourselves imprisoned in this despair if we perceive its creator as oppressive, cruel, punitive and Judgmental and if we perceive ourselves as imprisoned in Original Sin. The two worlds opposed are those of childhood innocence and adult experience. He uses iconic pastoral images (piper and muse, shepherds, rural idyll, innocence of childhood, the Garden of Eden, gardens and greens, lambs, pathetic fallacy) and pastoral states (harmony, Joy, protection, care, love) and opposes these to urban images and states of adult authority and cruelty, state and church repression and authority, dishonest and destructive emotions. Blake sets up oppositions, in the frames of the poems (as artistic creations) between Innocence and Experience and within Innocence and Experience. Blake provides (in Songs of Innocence) pastoral images, but shows the limits of pastoral innocence. In Songs of Experience, he writes in anti-pastoral mode and uses pastoral images to show the destruction of innocence, as well as ways to regain innocence in a vision of a New World. Discussion of putting the complex into the simple: Approaches discussion of The Lamb and The Tiger, pages 91 101 Songs of Innocence and Experience can be regarded as anti-pastoral: Blake exposes he limitations of a comfortable image of pastoral innocence by 1) redefining the relationship between city and country (Russ in rube the country in the city); 2) he uses the pastoral as a frame to expose social injustice and human suffering; 3) he uses pastoral images to show true innocence, then subverts these, both in Innocence and Experience, to expose the dark world of adult authority and repression. Blake use pastoral, not to show the contrast between rural and urban, but to expose the injustices of the human condition. Blake was a poet of the city, of London, and his pastoral setting is in the greens, parks and gardens of London.

Mobile Security

Mobile Security Introduction In the modern world, mobile devices are an important part of people’s lives. They include laptops, Personal Digit Assistants (PDAs), and smart phones. They offer a communication opportunity both in personal life and in business transactions (Furnell, 2009). In the recent past, there has been a notable growth in sales of smart phones due to their multiple functions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mobile Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, there was 40% sale of smart phones in United Kingdom in 2012. Most people now prefer smart phones compared to traditional models of mobile phones. In addition, most people encourage their employees to use smart phones for easiness of communication (Braunberg, 2013). The use of these mobile devices is very important in the society today due to shifting from analogue communication systems to digital communication systems. Nowadays, most people will prefer using a smart phone rather than use a very heavy computer. This is because the smartphone is portable and can even fit in a handbag or pocket. Use of PDAs and mobile phones in the places of work is largely contributing to easing of communication. These devices operate nearly the same as desktops besides providing personal information to the owner. They contain features such as phonebook, notepad, and calendar. In addition to these features, mobile devices receive voice calls and text messages (Jansen Scarfone, 2008). Due to increase in their demand, there has been rise in hacking and theft. Therefore, it is important to take security measures to protect them. Organizations store most of their information in these devices. Lack of security can cause such organizations to loose very important data and information thus compromising their productivity. Among the security concerns that loss of devices can lead to include: data leakage via these devices, virus infectio n hence distorting the information and even unauthorized traffic interception. These concerns call for enhanced security measures of mobile devices (The Government of the Hong Kong, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Security of mobile devices The ubiquitous nature of the wireless devices makes it more vulnerable to security attacks compared to the wired ones. Reports on unauthorized traffic interception as a form of security makes unauthorized people access an organization’s email and other private data sent over the hacked network. Consequently, security is a significant aspect in the wireless systems than in wired communication systems (Venkataram Babu, 2010). According to Braunberg, 2013 organizations need to take care of the different applications and software used by the mobile devices. In this case, they should ensure that the devices use o nly the allowable applications. This would reduce cases of malware attack and viruses. Security of mobile devices encompasses security of all information and data saved and stored in the tablets, smart phones, laptops, and PDAs. These measures protect the confidential data against abuse. In addition, such security measures ensure that only the authorized persons can access the information. When unauthorized persons access some information, there may be cases of identity theft, financial theft and breakdown in communication (Paulus, Pohlmann Reimer, 2005) Mobile phones and PDAs need a secure infrastructure for suitable management. Security measures should follow proper identifications of the organization’s information systems, guidelines, standards, procedures, and development. This will enhance integrity, availability of information system resources and even confidentiality. In addition, this will ensure the development of a well-organized and wholesome security system for t he mobile devices of such organization. (Jansen Scarfone, 2008) The first generation of analogical mobile phones had an electronic serial number that could confirm the terminal to allow access to the service. On the other hand, the recent mobile devices use GSM. Each subscriber receives a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) required before using the service. SIM has the user’s identity and authentication key, which is only active during the subscription time.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mobile Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, SIM is an independent terminal, which is removable. SIM is one of the major forms of mobile security. The SIM ensures security in that the user requires a Personal Identification Number (PIN) to open up the SIM. This form of security is effective when the user does not share the PIN with anybody (Pagani, 2005). Another way to secure the mobile devices is ens uring proper configuration of its devices. The devices should have the right services and applications to avoid frequent upgrade, patches, and any other safeguards. These upgrades and patches can introduce virus and malwares hence infecting the device. The devices should receive configurations according to the companies’ requirement. Moreover, in case of introduction of new security checklists and protocols, the administrators should manage their installation effectively (Jansen Scarfone, 2008) Many network administrators concentrate on avoiding eavesdropping and authentication. They know that security of any network is very significant to organizations. Everybody loves privacy and would work to ensure security of his devices to avoid occurrence of hacking leading to unauthorized access to the emails, use of one’s credit card to make purchases and even sending inappropriate emails to other people on his/her name. Contrary to the wireless devices, the wired devices get their security from system administrators who are the only people allowed to access authentication of the device. On the other hand, the wireless devices depend on encryption to prevent eavesdropping. This form of security measure uses a static key in most occurrences; this can include a key got from the static key, negotiated key, a shared static key and sometimes a dynamically- generated key. They use this type of security measure because anybody can access the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) of the wireless device (Weiss, 2002) Due to their high demand, most wireless devices are prone to theft. Therefore, it is worth noting when storing data that the device can get lost or stolen. With this in mind, there is another approach, which can ensure security of the stored data. This is use of password. This approach generates a unique combination of character to every mobile device.Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the system administrator should observe the clear password management policy. In this case, only the person with the password should access the data. In addition, the system administrator can destroy the stored data remotely in case there is loss or theft of the device (The Government of the Hong Kong, 2011) Recommendations In the modern world, increased mobile security measures should come first because there is an increase in the use of mobile wireless devices. The current measures are costly, non-universal, and ineffective. The device users should be very keen on the cost of protecting their confidential information. Most of them need a device that will not cost any further above the purchase price. The system administrators, on the other hand are keen on the cost of the security measures. They also want an approach that is cheap but effective in protecting their users from traffic interception. The measures must be effective in providing protection and authentication (W eiss, 2002). Use of biometrics is another technological mobile security measure that is very effective. This rapid evolving technology improves the security of numerous mobile applications. Its architectural design consists of enrollment and authentication roles. The authentication role ensures that the biometric data rightly compares with the stored template. This will prevent an unauthorized person from accessing the data because the biometric data and the stored template have to match. The enrollment role on the other hand, enables creation of a template by the user and then acquires biometric information. This will make sure that only the administrator can access the information stored in the mobile device (Apampa, Wills Argles, 2010). Another important security measure that is effective is setting an idle timeout. This approach ensures that the device goes off if it is idle for a specific time. In order to open the device, the owner should feed the system with the PIN number a nd the configured password. In addition, it will help unauthorized person not to access any information in the device. The idle timeout has an auto lock feature that controls access to the device. This system locks the device automatically unless opened using the correct code. It is important to note that the code is usually unique and it does not depict commonly used characters. The user should avoid writing or storing the PIN number and password in a place accessible by an unauthorized person. It is also crucial for the mobile devices users to have a data backup. Organization’s data and information should not just be in one copy. However, it is important for the data stored in the devices to be in another secure device. This is a guarantee that no matter what happens there is data available. This is especially important for organizations, which may require the information. In addition, the organizations ought to acquire the software that automatically deletes any informatio n put if the password input is wrong for several times. This will ensure the device does away with the data before the unauthorized person can access it. Conclusion Mobile devices are very important gadgets of communication in the modern world. They include mobile phones, tablets, Personal Digit Assistants (PDAs), and laptops. These devices are portable, hence used in different places and by different people. The main use of mobile devices is not only receiving voice calls and texts messages but also stores personal information for the owner like notepad, phone book, and calendar. Currently, many organizations store important data in the mobile devices. However, with increased demand there is increased theft and hacking of the devices. The ubiquitous nature of the wireless devices makes it more vulnerable to security attacks compared to the wired ones. The security of mobile devices covers all data and information stored or saved in the smart phones, tablets, PDAs, and laptops. Secu rity is very important because lack of it leads to loss of confidential information. Various approaches can ensure security of mobile devices. These include configuration of a password, setting an idle timeout and data backup. In addition, use of SIM, PIN numbers and backing up data ensure security of mobile devices as well as data stored in them. These approaches deter unauthorized access to confidential data and information stored in the devices. Reference List Apampa, K. M., Wills, G., Argles, D. (2010). User Security Issues in Summative E-Assessment Security. International Journal of Digital Society, 1, (2), 135-147. Braunberg, A. (2013). Mobile Security Buyer’s Guide. Web. Dwivedi, H., Clark, C. Thiel, D. (2010). Mobile Application Security, New York: The McGraw-Hill. Furnell, S. (2009). Mobile Security, Cambridgeshire: IT Governance Ltd. Jansen, W., Scarfone, K. (2008). Guidelines on Cell Phone and PDA Security. Pagani, M. (2005). Mobile and Wireless Systems beyond 3 G: Managing New Business Opportunities, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Paulus, S., Pohlmann, N., Reimer, H. (2005). Isse 2005 -Securing Electronic Business Processes: Highlights of the Information Security Solutions Europe 2005 Conference, New York: Springer. The Government of the Hong Kong, (2011). Mobile Technologies Security. Web. Venkataram, P., Babu, S. (2010). Wireless Mobile N/W Security, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Weiss, J. (2002). Wireless Networks: Security Problems and Solutions. Web.

Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Safety Management - Essay Example Establishment of an effective safety action plan requires resources and time, and therefore, support of the senior management. When developing a new action plan, an organization can have a committee comprising of employees, board members and managers to facilitate acceptance, resistance to change reduction and increase chances of safety action plan success. Management support on a safety action plan remains essential in ensuring safety recognition, adequate performance results and necessary support or training provision to employee so as to improved safety, therefore, resulting in a safe working environment (Binkley 157). Whether the action plans entails introduction of a new action plan or modification of old process, it is essential for the safety manager to communicate the steps and the purpose of the safety action plan process before implementation. It is also essential that a safety manger reviews the performance management system of the organization and make necessary adjustmen ts. As mentioned earlier, safety management is a continuous process of planning, monitoring and review of processes; a safety action plan should be based on this continuity by first planning, where expectations are first identified, clarified and agreed upon. The planning process should also include identification on how results of the plan will be measured, agreement on the process of monitoring and action plan documentation (Ruding 15).